Links between Biodiversity and Poverty Alleviation

Links between Biodiversity and Poverty Alleviation Name: Jane Sheehan. Title of Assignment: Nature is the foundation of business. Ecology sets the rules for economy. Thus, damaging nature is damaging business. Like cutting the branch we sit on. Part I: Evaluate the links between Biodiversity and poverty alleviation in underdeveloped countries. Part II: Discuss whether economic development activities aimed at income generation in emerging nations are likely to have a negative impact on biodiversity. Part I: Evaluate the links between Biodiversity and poverty alleviation in underdevloping countries. The issue of poverty and biodiversity in developing countries are intrinsically linked, almost in a paradoxical way. The ideology of biodiversity is one which is constantly under debate, however, a concise definition is that it encompasses all variety of life, from genes, to species, ecosystems and habitats. Undeveloped countries depend on biodiversity as a means of survival. In their case, biodiversity refers to local resources (such as livestock for food and transport, crop for shelter and produce, fuel). These are known as ecosystem goods (Irish Aid Factsheet). Biodiversity is also measured as a type of service, such as the level of climate regulation, and water resources. Biodiversity is a means of wealth in these countries, or insurance. Countries which are impoverished are then therefore the first to be affected when there is a loss in biodiversity. Poverty reduction is referred is an ideal that it is moving a population behind a so-called defined poverty line. In most cases, poverty is usually not reduced, but alleviated or prevented in some areas. The poor in majority of alleviation studies refer to rural communities which live close to biodiverse areas, or small populations which inhabit inaccessible areas. These rural populations depend on local biodiversity for their basic human needs. This can be historically traced, where populations live off of low impact intrusion of biodiversity. It is often the low value, typically inferior goods which are highly significant to the poor, providing them with basic human needs. Richer areas access more significant resources through a series of markets, such as the global economy and international trading. Moving onto the topic of poverty alleviation and biodiversity, it is hypothesised that there are links between the two. Biodiversity, in relation to poorer nations, is often measured as an abundance of natural resources such as the following: fish, mangroves, forests, wild animals and plants. These are often found in tropical environments. An interest in biodiversity and conservation may lead to a decrease in poverty levels in an area. Certain services or employment opportunities may be deep rooted in conservation processes, such as nature based tourism, protected area jobs, non-timber forest products (NTFP). These can target both problems, often providing poverty reduction methods, or preventing people from falling deeper into poverty. When conditions are optimum, these services lead to an increase in income and a level of poverty alleviation. Tourism = well known means of alleviating poverty. Instead of degrading a resource, seek to improve the knowledge surrounding it. Not only conserving, but gaining money. Part 2: Discuss whether economic development activities aimed at income generation in emerging nations are likely to have a negative impact on biodiversity. The economic development activities which nations undertake as a means of generating income in turn affects biodiversity. Loss in biodiversity can be linked to economy growth. As income per capita rises, so does the depletion of natural resources, and the degradation of natural habitats. Increase in industrialisation in countries leads to a correlation of pollution levels, however these processes may be key to employment opportunities and income. Though the area may be moving away from poverty, it is also moving towards a greater loss of biodiversity. There is also the issue of biodiversity loss in an underdeveloped area due to demand of product from developing countries. There is a high level of exportations from impoverished states to other countries of greater economic wealth, for example goods such as coffee, bananas, and sugar. There is also the problem of endangered animal trading.ÂÂ   Therefore loss is not only primarily linked to processes happening within a country, but as a result of processes happening in considerably better off areas. Therefore these areas are being exploited. As biodiversity loss increases in an area, as does public concern. An overall increase in income per capita means that the government of these areas have more expenditure for the protection of species and habitats. It can also be considered that, households which have a higher income rate, have more money to use as a part of conservation effort. One could even say, as the primary need of local resources for survival declines, conservation becomes a national issue. Biodiversity becomes economically important. Resources can be manufactured on an agricultural and pharmaceutical basis. People also begin to look towards the aesthetic properties of biodiversity, such as tourism, recreation space, and genetic diversity. As the economy develops, therefore so does environmental policy. Conservation effort can be measured by the state protection of the land, and the halt on the trade of endangered species. In developing areas, plants can be economically important due to their emerging importance in modern day medicine. Therefore certain valuable species are cultivated on a large scale for production measures in monoculture plantations. This method of increasing income leads to a volume of resources and an increase in the species biomass, but does not directly increase diversity, but abundance. Therefore a significant stabilisation in biodiversity loss can be witnessed in these developed areas. Though biodiversity loss comes to a slight standstill, the original effects are not seen to be reversed, nor will biodiversity be increased. Its hard to say whether these methods will improve biodiversity, or degrade it.

Argument Analysis Essay

Arguments are an integral part of human society, and structuring these arguments properly is important to emphasize a point. In the documentary I Can Change Your Mind About Climate, many legitimate and illegitimate arguments are put forward to the viewer. Some of these arguments are structurally wrong, and in some of them the premises are not relevant to the conclusion. The purpose of the documentary was for the two main protagonists, Anna Rose and Nick Minchin to try and change each others minds about climate change. The documentary follows Anna and Nick around as they bring each other to people that they think will change the other persons mind, or help to. The first argument I will be analyzing will be an argument from Marc Morano, a notorious climate denier and blogger who runs the website climatedepot. com. His argument, as put into standard form, is as follows: P1: The sea level is dropping, P2: The population of polar bears is rising, P3: Global temperatures are decreasing, C: Therefor climate change is not happening. While at first glance this argument looks like a solid deductive argument, the premises are lacking. The lack of actual numbers, along with the debatable follow on to the conclusion, make this argument worth looking further into. The structure of this argument is a deductive empirical argument. The structure is sound and valid, being a deductive argument, where the premises entail the conclusion. As a deductive argument, the premises must not only support the conclusion, they must directly lead on to the conclusion. Mr.  Morano has appeared to have done this, however we must first look further into the premises and the structure to determine weather the argument is conclusive or not. Premise one states ‘The sea level is dropping’. Mr. Morano has given no evidence to support this premise, losing conclusivity. This is much the same for the other premises, no supporting evidence is shown, and so the truth of the premises is always in question. Morano had put these forward as empirical pieces of evidence, but empirical implies that they must be 100 percent, universally accepted to be true facts. As such, Mr. Morano has put forward a very inconclusive argument, which would not hold up well in an argument. No evidence was shown in the documentary to support these premises, and it is clear that Morano is bending the facts a little, considering the overwhelming evidence shown to us by Anna Rose about temperature increases, sea level rises and increased carbon in our atmosphere. Anna seems to be aware of this, and refutes him afterward, in the argument which we will now look at. Anna Rose is a young climate change activist who was appearing in the program alongside Nick Minchin. Her argument is against Mr. Morano’s credibility, and in standard form is as follows: P1: If I engage in a debate with you, then you will make facts up. P2: You will make facts up. C: Therefor I will not engage in a debate with you. This is a clear example of a modus ponens deductive argument. I have added premise 2 as an implicit premise to show the flow of logic. This deductive modus ponens argument is valid, it has a valid form and the principle of charitable interpretation has not been applied. Premise 1 is an assumption. Anna is assuming that because Morano is known for making things up, he will make facts up to support his argument if she engages in a debate with him. No evidence is shown in the documentary of Morano making facts up, however after a small amount of research I have found that Morano is indeed not very credible – he received just a 1 out of 5 star credibility rating at an online site. This leads me to believe that Anna is correct in thinking that he will make facts up to refute real arguments put forward by climate change activists. This argument is sound and is very effective in the documentary, it shows the viewer that they can not trust the credibility of Mr. Morano, and therefor to mot listen to his arguments. TO be fair, the analysis of arguments is a very thought provoking and interesting topic. While Mark. Morano has in the past made good arguments against climate chage, Anna Rose definantly has a better grasp of the ideas of argumentative science.

The Process Of Human Development - 1448 Words

Introduction The process of human development as well as all the achievements that are made by men are closely linked to the aspect of creativity. In the past, a number of scholars have carried out research on creativity from a number of aspects like that of studying the 4P model. In most of there researches, a number of measures were used in differentiating those abilities that were termed as high and low (Lin, et al., 2012). Additionally, in finding the potential that people have regarding their creativity, most of the scholars have applied the psychometric approach while applying the cognitive approach in the process of developing solutions to a number of creative problems that are identified in the society. In their previous studies, scholars have found that there are a total of two creativity measures that tends to involve two different processes that are usually correlated with varied cognitive factors. Additionally, the performance of individuals based on the two developed mea sures have found not to be correlated in anyway (Lin, et al., 2012). As such, the hypothesis of this study will be to find out how personality traits and gender correlate differently with the divergent type of thinking and creative problem-solving abilities in accordance with the dual-process theory account creativity. Description of the participants To get the results of the study, a total of 320 undergraduate students was chosen from five different universities in the republic of Taiwan. OfShow MoreRelatedThe Process Of Human Development957 Words   |  4 PagesThe process of human development is assessed to multiple phases which carry its own distinct set of expectations in terms of emotional growth, psychological development, physical maturation, and social awareness. 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The specific activities that are involved in HRM include job design and analysis, recruitment, orientation and placement, development and training of the personnel, employee remuneration, and performance appraisal (Aswathappa, 2007: 5). This paper shall focus on three main activities which are recruitment, training, and

Analysis Of The Poem Holy C- - 1321 Words

â€Å"Holy c-† I was cut off by the bullet flying, and grazing, my ear. I looked in the direction it came from only to see a man holding a gun, aiming at a boy with angel wings. He’s kinda like me†¦ was all I could think before I flew to the man with a gun and kicked it out of his hand. I then repeatedly punched him in the face till he was K.O.ed. â€Å"Thanks†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he shyly said. â€Å"No problem! I do this normally so it’s no problem at all,† I replied smiling. â€Å"Still thanks. What’s your name? If you don’t mind me asking, † He replied less shy than before. â€Å"I’m Skylar, Skylar DragonClaw. Nice to meet you†¦?† I replied questionably. â€Å"Right, sorry! I’m Andy!† he smiled. â€Å" Nice to meet you! Wanna join me and my pet wolf with our expedition of helping people?† â€Å"Sure!† he exclaimed excitedly. â€Å"Okay! Follow me to the hideout,† I s miled Off we flew to the ‘hideout’ A.K.A. the cave we live in. It is surrounded by forest and not to far from there, there’s a waterfall. We landed outside the â€Å"DragonCave† and walk in. There lays my beautiful wolf friend Flame. â€Å"Hey Flame! I’m back and I found someone kinda like me!† I hollered happily. She growled not knowing if he was friendly or not. He strolled in with his wings out in a relaxed manner. Flame gave a wolfish grin, bolted and jumped on him. He fell to the ground laughing. â€Å"Sorry for that I just didn’t know you!† Flame stated smiling still. â€Å"Wait you can talk! That is so incredible!† he screamed. Me and flame bothShow MoreRelated Sailing to Byzantium Essay1168 Words   |  5 Pageshis life. In â€Å"Sailing to Byzantium† the poem is broken up into four stanzas, each describing a different part of the voyage and the feeling associate with it. Stanza I is the narrators departure to Byzantium; II the voyage done by boat and landing in Byzantium; III in the holy city of Byzantium and visiting the ancient landmarks; IV the desire of the narrator to become a part of physical aspect of Byzantium. 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